Transitional Metals
Scandium (Sc) - Has the atomic number 21. It is a silvery-white metal that is first in the transition metal series. The properties of scandium compounds are intermediate between those of aluminum and yttrium. Vanadium (V) - Has the atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey metal that becomes more tolerable of oxidization the more it has been affected by it. Vanadium was originally called "brown lead" and its qualities were presumably due to the presence of a new element. Manganese (Mn) - Has the atomic number 25. It is a silvery-metallic that is found free in nature but is often mixed with iron. Manganese is important because it is often used in metal alloys, particularly stainless steels. Cobalt (Co) - Has the atomic number 27. It is a hard, silvery-grey metal that is similar to nickel in that when in the earth's crust it is only found in chemical combinations. Cobalt based blue pigments like blue cobalt have been used since ancient times for paints and jewelry. Copper (Cu) - Has the atomic number 29. It is a soft, red-orange metal that is very high thermal and electrical conductivity. It is often in many alloys which the alloys and the metal have been used throughout history such as with the romans. When copper corrodes it turns greenish colour. Yttrium (Y) - Has the atomic number 39. It is a silvery-white metal that is chemically similar to lanthanides and has often been classified as a rare earth element. Yttrium is almost always found combined with lanthanides and is never found in nature as a free element. Niobium (Nb) - Has the atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey metal the turns blue when it oxidizes and is very similar to tantalum chemically and physically which makes it very hard to distinguish the two. Niobium started to be used commercially in the 20th century . Brazil is the leading producer of niobium and ferroniobium, an alloy of niobium and iron. Technetium (Tc) - Has the atomic number 43. It is a shiny, grey metal that has the lowest atomic number while having no stable isotopes. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically because only tiny amounts are found in nature. Rhodium (Rh) - Has the atomic number 45. It is a rare, hard, silvery-white metal that is one of the most rare and valuable precious metals. Rhodium is very resistant to corrosion and because of this it is often alloyed with platinum or palladium and applied in high-temperature and corrosion-resistant coating. Silver (Ag) - Has the atomic number 47. It is a soft, white metal and has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal. It can be found in nature in its pure form. Silver has long been a valued metal which has been crafted into jewelry and coins. Tantalum (Ta) - Has the atomic number 73. It is a rare, hard, bluish-grey metal that is highly corrosion-resistant which is widely used as minor components in alloys. The chemical inertness of it makes it a valuable metal for laboratory equipment and a substitute for platinum. Rhenium (Re) - Has the atomic number 75. It is a heavy, silvery-white metal that and is one of therarest elements in the earth's crust. The free element has the 3rd highest melting point and the highest melting point of any element. Rhenium resembles manganese chemically and is obtained as a by-product of molybdenum and copper ores extraction and refinement. Iridium (Ir) - Has the atomic number 77. It is a very hard, brittle, silvery-white metal which is the second densest metal following close behind osmium but is the most corrosion-resistant metal even at temperatures as high as 2000C, only certain molten salts and halogens are corrosive to solid iridium. Iridium powder can be very flammable and is much more reactive. Gold (Au) - Has the atomic number 79. It is a dense, soft metal that has a very bright yellow that doesn't tarnish in air or in water. It is the least reactive chemical element and is found free in nature as nuggets or grains in rocks. Gold is a very valuable and precious metal and has been for centuries. A total of 174,100 tonnes of gold have been mined in human history. Mercury (Hg) - Has the atomic number 80. It is a heavy, silvery metal that is one of the only two that are liquid at standard conditions. Mercury poison occurs when it is ingested or inhaled. Mercury is used in thermometers, barometers, manometers, sphygmomanometers, etc. Rutherfordium (Rf) - Has the atomic number 104. It is a radioactive element with a half life of 1.3 hours although little is known about rutherfordium. Dubnium (Db) - Has the atomic number 105. It is a radioactive element with a half life of 28 hours although little is known about Dubnium. Seaborgium (Sg) - Has the atomic number 106. It is a radioactive element with a half life of 1.9 minutes and experiments with seaborgium have confirmed that it is as heavier homologue to tungsten. Bohrium (Bh) - Has the atomic number 107. It is a radioactive element with a half life of 61 seconds and experiments have confirmed that it behaves as a heavier homologue to rhenium. The characteristics are only partly discovered. Meitnerium (Mt) - Has the atomic number 109. It is a radioactive element with a half life of 7.6 seconds and experiments with meitnerium have confirmed that it is as heavier homologue to iridium. Roentgenium (Rg) - Has the atomic number 111. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element that cannot be found in nature and has the half life of 26 seconds. Experiments with roentgenium have confirmed that it is as heavier homologue to gold.
Titanium (Ti) - Has the atomic number 22. It is a silvery grey-white metal of low density and high strength. It is highly resistant to corrosion in sea water, chlorine and aqua regia. Titanium can be alloyed with aluminium, molybdenum, iron and vanadium, among other elements to create strong, lightweight alloys for common use. It has the highest strength to weight ratio of any metal. Chromium (Cr) - Has the atomic number 24. It is a steely-grey, hard and brittle metal that takes a high polish, is resistant to tarnishing and has a high melting point. The name comes from the Greek word of colour "Chroma" because lots of its compounds are intensely coloured. Iron (Fe) - Has the atomic number 26. It has a greyish tinge metal that is the most common element in the earth by mass because it makes up most of the inner and outer core of the earth. Iron oxides occupy more volume than iron metal which makes the iron oxide flake off and expose new surfaces for more corrosion. Pure iron is softer than aluminium but you cannot get it by smelting the ore. Nickel (Ni) - Has the atomic number 28. It is a hard, silvery-white metal with a slight tinge on golden colour. Pure nickel shows significant chemical activity that can be seen when it is a powder to maximize the exposed surface area which is where the reactions occur. Zinc (Zn) - Has the atomic number 30. it is a silvery-grey metal which in some areas is similar to magnesium because of its ion which is of similar size. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc which has been used throughout history by the Greeks but was not produced on a large scale till the 12th century. Zirconium (Zr) - Has the atomic number 40. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that resembles titanium and it solid at room temperature. In powder form zirconium is very flammable yet in solid form it is very resistant to ignition. Molybdenum (Mo) - Has the atomic number 42. It is a silvery-grey metal which name comes from the Greek word for lead "molybdos" the word for lead because originally molybdenum was confused for lead ores. It is used in making many types of steel alloys, such as high strength alloys and superalloys. Ruthenium (Ru) - Has the atomic number 44. It is a hard, silvery-white metal and is used in making wear-resistant electrical contacts and occasionally for platinum alloys. It is inert to most other chemicals and does not tarnish unless attacked by halogens at high temperatures. Palladium (Pd) - Has the atomic number 46. It is a rare, hard, silvery-white metal that is chemically inert and over half of the palladium supply is used in making catalytic converters, which convert up to 90% of harmful gases from auto exhaust into less harmful substances. Palladium ore deposits are very rare and the most extensive deposits have been found in the norite belt of the Bushveld Igneous Complex. Cadmium (Cd) - Has the atomic number 48. It is a soft, bluish-white metal that is very similar to the elements zinc and mercury chemically. It has a low melting point compared to most transition metals. Cadmium is found in zinc ores so it is a byproduct of zinc production. Hafnium (Hf) - Has the atomic number 72. It is a silvery-grey metal that chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Hafnium is sometimes used in superalloys in combination with niobium, titanium or tungsten and is often used as neutron absorbers in control rods in nuclear power plants. Tungsten (W) - Has the atomic number 74. It is a rare, hard, greyish-white metal which has very robust and has the highest melting point of all of the elements and a remarkable high density of 19.3 times that of water. Tungsten with few impurities is very brittle and hard which makes it very hard to work with but pure tungsten, still very hard but is more ductile and can be cut with a hard-steel hacksaw. Osmium (Os) - Has the atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, bluish-white metal that is the densest naturally occurring element with a density of 22.59 g/cm3 just above iridium. Osmium and other platinum group metals are used in fountain pen tips, electrical contacts and other places where extreme durability and hardness are needed. Platinum (Pt) - Has the atomic number 78. It is a dense, precious, greyish-white metal and is one of the rarest elements in the earth's crust and is the least reactive metal. South Africa accounts for 80% of the worlds production of it. Hassium (Hs) - Has the atomic number 108. It is a radioactive element with a half life of 9.7 seconds and experiments with hassium have confirmed that it is as heavier homologue to osmium. Darmstadtium (Ds) - Has the atomic number 110. It is an extremely radioactive element with a half life of 11 seconds and was named after the city it was created in Darmstadt, Germany. Copernicium (Cn) - Has the atomic number 112. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element that can only be created in laboratories and has a half life of 29 seconds. During reactions with gold it has shown to be and extremely volatile metal and may even be a gas at standard temperature and pressure.
